Abraham Lincoln Essay - 1625 Words

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in a log cabin in Hardin Kentucky. His father Thomas Lincoln was a carpenter and farmer who was always very poor. Both of his parents were members of a Baptist congregation which had split from another church because of its views against slavery. This is where Abe first developed his own opposition to slavery. When Abe was nine the family moved to Spencer, Indiana, and his mother Nancy died from milk sickness. Milk sickness was a disease acquired by drinking the milk of cows which had grazed on poisonous white snakeroot. Soon after, Thomas married Sarah Bush Johnston who treated Abe like her own son. Abe had no formal schooling as a child so he ended up teaching†¦show more content†¦In 1847 he ran for the House of Representatives and won. While in Congress he became known for his opposition to the Mexican War and slavery. He worked hard for the 1848 Whig candidate Zachary Taylor. Lincoln hoped that this hard work would help him get the position of Commissioner of the General Land Office, but it never happened. So Lincoln decided to drop politics and return to practicing law. In 1854, Lincoln got caught back up in politics in the debates of slavery. He opposed the views of Stephan A. Douglas, and in particular, the Kansas-Nebraska act. In a speech in Springfield, he attacked the compromises about slavery and the democratic views contained in the Declaration of Independence. He tried and failed to become a Senator in 1855, but he received some support for the Republican Vice-Presidential nomination in 1856. He soon found himself moving away from the Whig party, and moving towards the newly formed Republican Party. In 1856, he finally became a Republican. He quickly came to the front of this party as an opponent of slavery who could win both the abolitionists and the conservative free-staters. In 1856 at the Republican national convention, he became a possible vice president candidate. He opposed the Dred Scott in 1857 and gave his famous House Divided Speech in 1858. Also in 1858 he was nominated by the Republican Party to run against Douglas in the Illinois senatorialShow MoreRelatedWheres Abraham Lincoln in Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter?542 Words   |  2 Pagesnovels Pride and Prejudge and Zombies and Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter. Grahame-Smith has collaborated on two film adaptations, Dark Shadows, and his own novel, Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter. Seth Grahame-Smith and his wife, Erin, live in California with their two children Jacob and Joshua. Currently Grahame-Smith’s novel Pride and Prejudice and Zombies is being adapted for film, and Smith is said to be writing a sequel/ spin off of Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter, staring Henry Struges. BothRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1521 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865 . Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Born in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in Kentucky and Indiana. Largely self-educated, he becameRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln861 Words   |  4 PagesAppomattox Courthouse, one of America s greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, was shot and killed by a man named John Wilkes Booth. Specifically, John Wilkes Booth was an American play actor and a big sympathiser for the Confederacy. Booth was well known for his hatred towards the President and his crazy ideas and motives, which lead to the killing of Lincoln. Many conspiracies and theories today believed the assassination of Abraham Lincoln was handled by John Wilkes alone, but other conspiracies believedRead MoreEssay Abraham Lincoln1426 Words   |  6 Pages As the 16th president, Abraham Lincoln was known to be the greatest American President. He guided his country through one of the most catastrophic experiences in its history, the Civil War. He was a very unique president, being the first president to have a beard, being the tallest president standing at 6’4 and also being the first to be assassinated. Abe Lincoln accomplished many things in the 4 year term he had served before being assassinated. With his intelligence and hard work, he madeRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln928 Words   |  4 PagesP. Thomas, Abraham Lincoln: A Biography (Southern Illinois University Press, 2008). †¢ David Herbert Donald, We Are Lincoln Men: Abraham Lincoln and His Friends (Simon Schuster, 2004). †¢ Roy Morris Jr., The Long Pursuit: Abraham Lincoln’s Thirty-Year Struggle with Stephen Douglas for the Heart and Soul of America (Bison Books, 2010). 5. Similar Articles: †¢ Mary Frances Berry, â€Å"Lincoln and Civil Rights for Blacks,† Volume 2, Issue 1, 1980, pp. 46-57 (Journal of The Abraham Lincoln Association)Read MoreThe Life Of Abraham Lincoln754 Words   |  4 PagesValenzuela 1 Issac Valenzuela Mrs. Barr 7th Grade Literature May 24, 2016 The Life of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born and raised in a log cabin. He was born on February 12, 1809. His mother was a great Christian. She often told them stories from the Bible. One day, Lincoln’s mother died of poisoned milk when he was only nine. Abraham Lincoln was one of the tallest presidents in our history. He was six feet, four inches tall. When he was elected president, he started theRead MoreThe War Of Abraham Lincoln906 Words   |  4 Pageselection of Abraham Lincoln. South Caroline issued the â€Å" Declaration of the Causes of Secession† because they believed Lincoln was anti-slaver (Bartels). However during the most consequential period in American history, on November 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected as the sixteenth president of the United States and the first Republican President. As the commander in chief the union army, Lincoln needed to bring an end to the war and reunite the nation. On November 19, 1863 Abraham Lincoln gave one ofRead More Abraham L incoln Essay706 Words   |  3 Pages Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the U.S (1861-1865) who brought the Union to victory in the Civil War. Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in Kentucky. His father was Thomas Lincoln and his mother was Nancy Hanks, both were pioneer farmers. When Abraham Lincoln was two they moved to nearby Knob Creek, Indiana. The following year his mother died. In 1819 Abraham Lincoln’s father married Sarah Bush Johnston, a kind widow who gained Abraham Lincoln’s friendship. Abraham Lincoln grew upRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1064 Words   |  5 PagesColin Shafer Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination President Abraham Lincoln was the first United States president ever to be assassinated while in office. He was president during the Civil War and had many people that did not like him. John Wilkes Booth did not like Abraham Lincoln and was responsible for the President’s death. Abraham Lincoln was born in Harden County, Kentucky on February 12, 1809. His parents were Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. In 1818, his mother died while he was just nine yearsRead More Abraham Lincoln Essay576 Words   |  3 Pages Abraham Lincoln, from the backwoods of Hodgenville Kentucky, rose to become one of the greatest presidents of the United States. During his attempt to keep the Union in the Civil War, he gained more power and authority than any president before him. A excellent politician, Lincoln was always looked upon for leadership for he put reason and thoughtful decisions behind his word.Abraham Lincoln, born to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hawks on February 12, 1809, was conceived in a log cabin built by his father

Why I Love My Strict Chinese Mom - 932 Words

Section A 1. Give an account of childraising as presented in the three texts Text 1 Sophia Chau-Rubenfeld tells her story of how her mothers †tough love† parenting methods raised her into a strong and independent girl who can make her own decisions. 18-year-old Chau-Rubenfeld thinks her rearing was good, and decided to write an official essay back to her mother, where she tells about how good it is to be raised by a so called tiger mom. She admits that her mum was very strict but that is only something she is very happy for to this very day. Text 2 Let them eat pizza: Parenting gurus recipe for bringing up children by Sdr. Bryan Caplan tells us a whole different point of view on the raising of children. Caplan claims, that†¦show more content†¦Amy Chua is taking the concept of †tiger mom† to a whole new level. I understand her will to secure the best future for her daughters, but I don’t think that not allowing them to go to parties and socialize, is a good idea. They probably missed a lot of things, that kids need to expierience in the process of growing up. But I would rather have Amy Chua as mother than a women, who doesn’t care about me enough to make sure I will have a good life. I found Sophia Chua-Rubenfeld on Facebook, and it says in the information about her, that she goes to Harvard University. And I don’t think she would have made it to such a famous and amazing place, if her mother didn’t push her, and learned her about how important it is to have a good education. A.S. Niell talks about happy street sweapers, and that’s fine, because if your goal in life is cleaning streets and living in a small apartment, and not being able to travel and afford many things, not even some things for your loved ones, I guess you can call yourself happy. But I am sure, that many people desire much more. And they want to achieve it, and probably will, all depending on the willpower. That self-discipline, is not something we all have, and that’s what parents are for. To support us, to give ud the needed push. An d if moms and dads can regulate the pressure and the freedom, I think it is possible to both play andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Why I Love My Strict Chineses Mom865 Words   |  4 PagesThe correct way of raising a child? Sophia Chua-Rubenfeld’s essay â€Å"Why I love my strict Chinese mom† is a response to the all the negative feedback her mother had gotten for her essay â€Å"Why Chinese Mothers are Superior†. The intention of this essay is to persuade and inform the reader of why Amy Chua raised her daughter Sophia the correct way. Chua-Rubenfeld’s first argument is that the critics (the outsider) have no clue of what the Chua-Rubenfeld family is like (p. 2, l. 21). The fact that Chua-RubenfeldRead MoreThe Parenting Style Used For Raise A Child1014 Words   |  5 Pagesinto successful adults. Chinese moms are a decent representation of how the true world is, but it is not healthy to put a child in school through that amount of pressure. A Chinese mom is similar to a bucking bull in the scheme to motivate children. She takes the reigns and hopes for the best for her children. Amy Chua explains in the article Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior how Chinese mothers have respe ctable intentions for their children, yet it is just an extra strict and severe way of displayingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Battle Hymn Of The Tiger Mother Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesIngredients For Success Many people have criticized Amy Chua, a mother of two, a Yale professor, Chinese-American after she wrote the book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother in 2011. Chua has received death threats, blackmails, and different kinds of criticism regarding on how she raises her kids in the Chinese parenting style. In her book, She - argues how Chinese parenting style is not only different but also superior compared to the Western style, which has invoked verbal attack from her readersRead MoreWhy Chinese Mothers Are Superior1526 Words   |  7 PagesYale law professor Amy Chua presents a harsh comparison of Chinese and Western ideas of child rearing in her essay entitled â€Å"Why Chinese Mothers are Superior.† This essay is an excerpt from her controversial 2011 book entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mom and was published as an op-ed in a 2011 edition of The New York Times. In this essay Chua strives to challenge the readers’ idea of Chinese mothers and the way that they choose to effectively raise their children, and to present the reader withRead MoreWhy Parents Should Give Their Children Freedom1255 Words   |  6 Pagesdoesn’t need protection†. From my point of view, I consider my mom and dad as helicopter parents. Being the first child in my family, my parents would always worry about the smallest things. For example, when I took my first steps. If I ever fell, my mom or dad would run up to me to comfort me instead of picking myself up. Most of the time, parents are more protective of their first child because they are new to parenting. In the Luvs commercial, it shows how moms do things differently the secondRead MoreConflicting Styles Of Parenting Styles1375 Words   |  6 Pagessmartest in our society. But authoritarians do not always produce children who are the best at something. Often times they are strict and shelter their children. My mother grew up in an authoritarian household. She was the oldest of ten children, so naturally th ey were the hardest on her. She was not allowed to wear pants or shorts to school until the fifth grade. They had a very strict set of rules and consequences that followed. Some of these consequences varied from not eating dinner to having to sleepRead MoreParenting Styles Of Parents And Western Parents Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagestheir lives to prepare them for an independent future, but there is a line that can be crossed. When parenting a child the parent must be a good role model, listen to their child and discipline them accordingly. When looking at both the style of Chinese parents and western parents there are different techniques that can be combined to create the most effective parenting style. While growing up children are surrounded and influences by many different things whether it be good or bad. At a youngRead MoreA Child s First Steps And Words1962 Words   |  8 PagesA child’s first steps and words are really a milestone. When Vietnamese and Chinese children are able to say their names aloud and waddle away around the house independently, their parents draw up a road map that plans the future for their child: to play the violin, to learn another language, to attend Kumon, and to participate in a sport. A tiger mom, who lives in China, wrote to Epoch Times to defend herself, as people criticize the amount of pressure she exerts upon her child, however, she firesRead MoreWhy Are People Shoplifting?976 Words   |  4 PagesWhy are people shoplifting? Reason people may have shoplifted is the public, sibling, or wanting to gain attention. There are approximately 27 million shoplifters,25 percent are kids, and 75 percent are adults. An average shoplifter would s teal at least twice a week. In my case shoplifting occurs more than twice a week. I was never told if shoplifting was normal or not normal. Shoplifting made me happy whenever I shoplifted. I soon learned shoplifting is a trouble maker and is not something to beRead MoreMy First Year Of My Life1552 Words   |  7 PagesFor years, I convinced myself that the story of my life began when I arrived in America at eleven months old. I tumbled through the clichà ©d white-picket-fence childhood, never realizing how impossible it was to completely discard the first year of my infancy. While I had always known about being adopted from China, I did not fully comprehend the weight of this detail until my late teenage years. I grew up in a loving and somewhat sheltered environment. My parents made my adoption seem like a grand

Wagner Case free essay sample

THE LEADERSHIP MOMENT : Nine True Stories of Triumph and Disaster and Their Lessons for us All MICHAEL USEEM Chapter 2 : Wagner Dodge Retreats in Mann Gulch What the hell is the boss doing, lighting another fire in front of us? W AGNER DODGE WAS facing the moment, the decision of a lifetime. A fast-moving forestand-grass fire was about to overrun him and the fifteen firefighters under his command. Less than two hours earlier they had sky-jumped into a fiery gulch in Montana. Now an enormous wall of flame was racing at them up the tinder-dry ravine. They knew they were running for their lives, and Dodge knew their time was running out. Dodges mind, still remarkably in control, was also concluding that he and his men had almost reached a point of no exit. He estimated that in a mere ninety seconds the conflagration would overtake him and the crew. If he could still discover a way out or invent some way to survive within, it would make the difference between miraculous escape or catastrophic failure, between saving himself and his fifteen men or losing all. A Fire in Mann Gulch LOCATED IN A rugged area of central Montana, Mann Gulch runs into the Missouri River in a region named Gates of the Mountains in 1805 by the famed northwest explorer Meriwether Lewis. In such inaccessible areas, fire is always a worry, but on August 5, 1949, the danger was greater than usual. By late summer, central Montana was so bone dry that the U. S. Forest Service put the fire potential at 74 on a scale of zoo. Twenty-five miles to the south, Helena was reaching a record temperature for the day of 97 degrees Fahrenheit. A small thundershower moving through the area offered momentary respite. But the storm also meant lightning, and lightning often means fire. Page 1 of 9 By 2. 30 PM, a crew had loaded onto a C-47 at the smoke-jumper base in Missoula. Thirty-three-year-old R. Wagner Dodge was the crew chief. A man of few words, he had fought many fires during his nine years in the business, and he was deservedly the team boss for the technical expertise he brought to the attack. The fifteen men who checked their parachutes and climbed on board with him were young, eager, conditioned. They had been fighting fires all summer and were ready for this one. Some were college students who had volunteered for the summer; others were career firefighters. Several were World War II veterans. Among those who took their seats for the twenty-minute trip to Mann Gulch were Robert Sallee, underage for the work at seventeen, and Walter Rumsey. The outfit also included David Navon, a former first lieutenant in the 101st Airborne Division who had parachuted into Bastogne, Belgium, during the 1944 German counteroffensive, and William J. Hellman, who only a month earlier had parachuted onto the Ellipse between the White House and the Washington Monument. The men under Dodges command hailed from Massachusetts and Montana, New York and North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Tennessee. Robert Sallee and Walter Rumsey As the aircraft circled twice around Mann Gulch, Dodge and spotter Earl Cooley scouted a safe landing zone. The men were. belted down, but the plane was bouncing about in the turbulence, an early hint of what was to come. Many of them felt half sick, and one, too nauseous to jump, opted to return to Missoula. On Dodges signal, the others leapt out the open door, targeting a landing zone high on the upper left side of the ravine, marked as point I in Figure 2 . 1 . Dodge and his crew hit the ground at 4:10 P . M . and by 5. 00 had gathered their chutes, loaded their packs, and shouldered their shovels. Dodge suggested that his men take some food and drink before moving out. In fire jumpers parlance, it was a ten oclock fire on the other side of the gulch-one they would fight all night and expect to have under control by 10 A . M . the next day. August fires often begin late in the afternoon as lightning rumbles through, and most of them are small enough to be contained by the following morning. The men knew that a brief rest now would probably be their last until the job was done. This day, though, they were moving without several requisite items, including a map and radio. The map was falsely believed to be in the hands of a firefighter already in the area, and the radio had been destroyed when an equipment parachute failed to deploy. Still, on Dodges orders they moved down the gulch single file, confidently prepared to confront the blaze. Page 2 of 9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Landing zone Dodge leaves crew Dodge’s reconnaissance Path to river blocked by fire Crew discards equipment Dodge’s escape fire Sallee Rumsey’s rockslide Fire overtakes others Figure 2. 1 – Wagner Dodge in Mann Gulch, Aug 5th 1949. The firefighter already in the area linked up with Dodge and his crew, but the full complement of sixteen men was a team only in the loosest sense. The men had all undergone a three week training program earlier in the summer, and they had been disciplined to work together, react quickly, and follow their commanders lead. But Dodge had to exercise his command without the authority of military drill. Even more difficult, he was an unknown quantity to many of the men under him. Several had worked with him before; all knew of him: But they had never worked together as a single group, under Dodge or anyone else, and Dodge himself was not even sure of all their names. Under U. S. Forest Service policy, it is the amount of rest, not the amount of camaraderie, that determines how men are assembled for a days jump group. Those with the longest respite since their last fire are the first to go. A hardened set of individuals this group was; a hardened combat platoon it was not. Three Terrible Discoveries AS DODGE APPROACHED the fire line, he told his men to wait in the center of the gulch (point 2) while he moved ahead to scout within a hundred feet of the front. It was during that time, at point 3, that he made the first of three terrible discoveries of the day. Here he found that the blaze was far more dangerous than he had guessed from aerial reconnaissance. A ground wind was coming across the river and over the ridge, at twenty to forty miles an hour, whipping the flames up and blowing them down his path. A vigorous wind is an oxygen supply, natures giant bellows. Alarmed, he retreated to the rest spot and instructed his men to head for the mouth of the gorge. He himself retreated further back to the landing zone to retrieve some food he had forgotten, leaving his men to move down the gulch without him. Dodges instructions were logical. The fire was more threatening than expected, but safety would be assured if he could place his crew between the fire and the river. Should the fire force them into the river, so be it: they would swim out some yards, stay low to avoid smoke, and, once the fire swept by, climb back onshore. The Missouri River was Dodges insurance. As the men moved down the gulch without Dodge in the lead, the firefighters became divided in two. As much as five hundred feet separated the two subgroups, neither of which was quite sure where the other was. Twenty minutes later, at about 5:40, Dodge finally regrouped his men and resumed the lead, moving them further toward the mouth of the gulch. Here he made a second, more terrible discovery (point 4): the winds were swirling around the flaming ridge, sweeping burning branches and glowing embers into the air and across the front of the gulch. In the few minutes since their arrival in the gulch, fiery eddies had closed the escape route. Dodges alarm bells- all of them-were sounding. At 5:45, Dodge reversed course, saying nothing to his men, but they surely knew why, since they too had seen the wind whipped smoke across the gulchs mouth in front of them. The crew kicked into a run up the left-hand side of the gulch. Within minutes, Dodge passed word down the line that all equipment-packs, saws, axes, shovels were to be discarded and that they must move as fast Page 3 of 9 as they possibly could (point 5). He knew, and they must have known, that what had been a routine jump into a ten oclock fire was now becoming a dash for their lives. It is hard to imagine what could be worse than what Dodge and his men had already encountered in their short time in Mann Gulch. Less than an hour had passed since they had stashed their parachutes and confidently set out to do their job. But Dodge, at the head of the line, ade his third and most terrifying discovery, of the day just a few minutes later. A forest fire rarely moves at more than four or five miles an hour, an advance that smoke jumpers can always outrun.. But Mann Gulch was part of a transitional zone an area where mountains yield to plains and, forest timber to prairie grass and as the men fled from the fire, the forest gave way to shoulder-high g rass, dense, dry, and ready to explode. The Plains Indians feared a prairie grass fire almost as much as anything. They knew that the worst could not be outrun, and now Dodge knew it too. His mind still in steely control, Dodge estimated that as fast as he and his men could move up what was now becoming a grassy slope, the towering wall of fire would move faster. Within a minute or two, Dodge estimated, perhaps sooner, he and his men would be overtaken by flames. The roar was deafening. Sap in scattered trees was superheating and exploding. Smoke, embers, and ashes swirled in all directions. The apparent options offered Dodge no escape: stand and be fatally burned; turn and be fatally burned; run and be fatally burned. The Solution AT 5:55, DODGE abruptly stopped, lit a match from a matchbook he carried, and threw it into the prairie grass in front of him (point 6). His fire, almost instantly a widening circle of flame, burned fast. By the normal measures of fire fighting, what Dodge lit appeared to be a backfire- one intended to burn off enough fuel in a limited strip to prevent the real fire from advancing. And indeed he would be asked, at a subsequent government investigation into the events of August 5, why he had chosen this moment of extreme urgency to light such a backfire. In response, Dodge would assert that this was not and could not have been a backfire: with less than a minute remaining until he was engulfed by flames, a backfire would not have cleared enough grass to stop anything. Why, then, had he paused to light the fire? The answer seemed both impossible and simple: he had lit the fire in order to take refuge inside it. As the ring of his new fire spread, it cleared a small area of all flammable substances. It was not much of a safety zone, but it would have to do. He jumped over the blazing ring, moved to its smoldering center, wrapped a wet cloth around his face, pressed himself close to the ground, and waited. As he had anticipated, the surging fire wall rounded both sides of his small circle, leapt over the top, but found nothing to ignite where he lay motionless. Within moments the front passed, racing up the ridge and leaving him unscathed in his tiny asylum. He stood, brushed off the ash, and found he was no worse for wear. He had literally burned a hole in the raging fire. But he had not forgotten his crew. Just before his lighting of the escape fire, Robert Sallee and Walter Rumsey had been second and third in a line of sprinting men that stretched behind Dodge many dozen yards down the hill. Like the other firefighters, Sallee and Rumsey had left the aircraft when Dodge said Jump, they had moved toward the mouth of the gulch when he said Go, and they had dashed uphill when he said Run. Now, as Sallee and Rumsey stumbled on a stopped Dodge, they saw their boss motioning them to come inside an expanding ring of fire. This way! he shouted. Though Sallee and Rumsey could not hear Dodge in the deafening inferno, they could see what he wanted from his frantic waving. They also saw an enormous fire wall at their back, and it was about to overwhelm both them and Dodges circle. The Fatal End S A L L E E AND RUMSEY glanced at Dodge but kept going rounding his fire circle, mounting the ridge to their left, and moving down the other side into what is ironically called Rescue Gulch. Fires do no t stop at the ridge tops; they only slow momentarily. The Mann Gulch fire swept into Rescue Gulch as well, but Sallee and Rumsey chanced upon their own oasis, a strip of stone without vegetation, a rockslide some seventy-five feet wide that had denied purchase to grass and trees alike (point 7). They too squeezed toward the middle, the fire raced down both sides, and a few minutes later, suffering from neither burns nor smoke, they worked their way back toward Mann Gulch. Page 4 of 9 The remaining thirteen men also rushed by Dodge and his widening circle of flame. Dodge heard one man say, as he glanced at the escape scheme, To hell with that, Im getting out of here! Sallee, who paused higher up after speeding by Dodge, looked back and later estimated that most of the men had passed within twenty to fifty feet of Dodge, just outside the burning ring. After that, however, their stars were not propitious: the thirteen chanced upon no bare spots. As Dodge had anticipated, they were quickly overtaken by the prairie grass fire they could not outrun (point 8). Unscathed, Dodge, Sallee, and Rumsey gathered and went in search of the others. Several of the men survived a few hours, but all were fatally burned, most not far from where they had started less than an hour before. They had left their landing zone at about 5. 00 that afternoon. The hands on the watch of James O. Harrison were melted into the dial at 5:56. It was the worst fire-fighting disaster in Forest Service history and would remain so for forty-five years, until fourteen men and women were killed on July 6, 1994, on Storm King Mountain near Glenwood Springs, Colorado, combating a vicious winddriven grass fire that also suddenly engulfed them. L E A D E R S H I P I S A product of both todays actions and yesterdays groundwork. The fatal combination that emerged in Mann Gulch was partly what Dodge did or did not do on August 5, but also partly what he did or did not do well before the smoke jumpers ever climbed aboard the aircraft. We will first review his decisions in the air and on the ground, in the gulch and later turn to what he might have done earlier in the summer to prepare for that fateful August afternoon. First is the question of why Sallee, Rumsey,. and the other thirteen smoke jumpers refused to join Dodge inside his circle of fire. It was, after all, an immediate solution, a lifesaving solution, a communicated solution. Sallee later reported, I saw him bend over and light a fire with a match. I thought, with the fire almost on our back, what the hell is the boss doing, lighting another fire in front of us? Sallee was close to Rumsey, and he expressed a conclusion reached by both: We thought he must have gone nuts. Yet they had, it must be recalled, dutifully followed all of Dodges earlier instructions. When he had said to plunge out the open door of the airplane, they had done so; when he had moved them toward the mouth of the gulch, they had gone; when he had said to drop their equipment and run for their lives, they had obeyed. Why had his authority suddenly failed him? One explanation-that the trailing crew members did not see or understand Dodges frantic waving-may apply to some. But the two survivors said that they could see Dodge and what he intended, and Dodge himself reported that he had seen most of the firefighters come near enough to his circle of fire to see his signals. A more plausible explanation is that by this point Dodge had simply lost much of his credibility. A leaders credibility can be defined as the authority to make binding decisions based on a record of having made them well before. Dodge was crew chief by virtue of the latter. But in less than an hour, his credibility had been shattered. His decision on where to land had placed the men behind a dangerous fire. They had marched toward it, then moved around it, and finally raced from it. The accumulation of erroneous decisions finally made his latest action the lifesaving one too dubious to accept. Dodges credibility had collapsed; worse, he had not yet realized it. By implication: If you have made several problematic decisions in a row, be prepared to have your leadership questioned. It may be a moment of personal trial, a point when the cooperation of others is most needed but least forthcoming. A C r e d i b i l i t y Spiral Missteps and Few Words EXACERBATING DODGES DOWNWARD credibility spiral were two small missteps, too minor to draw much notice at the time but arguably big enough to accelerate the downspin. First; when Dodge returned to the drop site at the upper end of Mann Gulch to retrieve his food, he sent his crew on without him for a few minutes, relinquishing his leadership. Thus he momentarily commanded the battle from behind the lines, not the front. In pondering why the generals in World War I so often displayed incompetence in command, Peter Drucker turned to the explanation offered by his own high school history teacher, a wounded veteran of the Great War: Because not enough generals were killed; they stayed way behind the lines and let others do the fighting and dying. † Page 5 of 9 Second, when Dodge told his men to drop their shovels and axes, he was asking them to give up a large part of what defined them as a crew under his command; he was, in other words,, ordering his soldiers to shed their uniforms. In both instances, Dodges actions made sound logistical sense. The first permitted a more rapid movement toward the safety of the Missouri River; the second allowed a more rapid movement away from the accelerating blaze. Yet both chipped away at Dodges credibility when he most needed it later. A solution lay not necessarily in avoiding such action, for in this instance it is hard to imagine not ordering the equipment disposal, but in a persuasive communication of why he acted thus. But probably most damaging to Dodges credibility was a management style that fostered little twoway communication. Wagner Dodge was a boss of few words, a person who neither expected much information from his people nor gave much in return. As the men flew over Mann Gulch, sixteen pairs of eyes and ears were gathering information on the conditions below, and some might have guessed that the swirling smoke and air turbulence signaled dangerous ground conditions. Yet Dodge relied on only a single pair of eyes, his own. Similarly, in moving toward the fire, then around it, and finally away from it, others reached their own assessment of the best way out. Yet in no case did Dodge ask for their appraisal. He had a diverse human information system at his disposal but chose to avail himself of none of it. Imagine, by way of analogy, a chief executive who never asks his salespeople what they are hearing from their customers or a hospital president who fails to ask his nurses what they are learning from their patients. At the same time, Dodge also gave little information. He did not share his appraisals, barely explained his actions, scarcely even communicated his growing alarm. Dodge has a characteristic in him, Rumsey would later tell the Board of Review. It is hard to tell what he is thinking. When Dodge sent his crew members toward the mouth of the gulch after the brief reconnaissance of the fire, he instructed them to move out of the thick reproduction because it was a death trap, Sallee later reported. But otherwise he dispensed little information, and Rumsey and Sallee observed that he did not even look particularly worried. When he suddenly reversed course near the mouth of the gu lch and, the crew was moving uphill, Navon, the former paratrooper, was still taking snapshots. Dodge testified at the hearing that he had not communicated directly with his men from the time he retreated. or his food until he ordered them to drop all their equipment. Near the end, as the crew was overtaken by crisis and panic, circumstances permitted little discussion. But up until that time, communication had been feasible. Without revealing his thinking when it could be shared, Dodge denied his crew members, especially those not familiar with him, an opportunity to appreciate the quality of his mind. They had no other way of knowing, except by reputation, whether his decisions were rational or impulsive, calculated or impetuous. Later, when the quality of his mind did display itself in a brilliant invention-the escape fire his thinking was still too much of a cipher to those whose trust he urgently required. By implication: If you want trust and compliance when the need for them cannot be fully explained, explain yourself early. If you need information on which you must soon act, ask for it soon. Being a person of few words may be fine in a technical position, but it is a prescription for disaster in a position of leadership. Other Escape Fires W A G N E R D O D G E C O U L D never have anticipated the specific events in Mann Gulch. Yet it is instructive to ask what he might have done in June and July to prepare for them, not knowing precisely what lay ahead but anticipating the possibility that flawless action and effective leadership were likely to be essential for whatever came along. Dodge masterminded a winning idea that could have saved the entire enterprise: The Board of Review concluded that all of his men would have survived if they had heeded Dodges efforts to get them to go into the escape fire area. But when the innovation was ready for use, nobody believed it could. succeed. And Dodges escape fire was a genuine innovation. Native Americans on the Great Plains had invented the concept a century earlier, and since the Mann Gulch disaster it has become a standard lifesaving measure in the official survival repertoire. But before 1949, the Forest Service did not train its smoke jumpers in setting escape fires, and on August 5, 1949, nobody in Mann Gulch had ever heard of the tactic. Page 6 of 9 Why was it that Dodge was the only member of his sixteen man force to invent the escape fire? All found themselves in the same tightening vise, all saw that their time was almost up, all desperately sought a way out. Yet only Dodge seemingly had the capacity to discover the lifesaving solution. When asked how he had come on the idea of the escape fire, he replied, It just seemed the logical thing to do. Two explanations for the failure of simultaneous invention come to mind, both pointing to what Dodge might have done earlier in the summer. First, he was an autocrat, an instruction giver, and once in the gulch there might have been no other way to lead. But with earlier opportunities to meld a team and mold a culture, he might have encouraged each member to learn how to reach his own judgments and make his own decisions. This is not to say that fostering individual discretion is the same as allowing discretionary direction. The challenge for Dodge was to instill individual judgment while aligning it around common purpose. Empowering team members to reach their own decisions that will simultaneously pull the team in the same direction is no easy task. It is a learned capacity Dodge would have had to have cultivated well before August 5. A second explanation again refers to Dodges style as a man of few words. He had fought fires for nine years and had been a crew foreman since 1945. Some on his crew had combated fires for less than three months. Sallee and Rumsey were making their first smoke jump. Dodges mind held memories of hundreds of fire, soil, forest, and wind conditions he had seen, dozens o f strategies he knew to have worked, and some he had seen fail. It was this repository of practical experience that had led to his promotion to crew chief-and-it was this storehouse he had at the ready when he realized that he and his crew had but a moment to rescue themselves. Unfortunately, though, it was his database alone. Dodge might have shared his wisdom earlier, telling and retelling the amazing, sometimes curious, occasionally disastrous stories of his fires of the past. Secondhand accounts can never fully substitute for the personal seasoning of years on the front line, but they can furnish a diverse set of prior conditions against which to test the present. In being tight with words, Dodge denied his men the benefit of his nine years of experience. The value of downward communication is amply confirmed in any number of studies. Research on flight crew performance during cockpit simulations, for instance, has revealed that leaders of higherperformance cockpit crews share more plans; offer more predictions, describe more options, sound more warnings, and provide more explanations. 3 By implication: If you expect those who work for you to exercise their own judgment, provide them with the decision making experience now. If you count on them to understand the conditions a s best they can, share your past experience with them now. If your leadership depends on theirs, devolving responsibility and sharing stories is a foundation upon which it will reside. Thinking strategically when confronted with a crisis or challenge is a learned skill that requires sustained seasoning. The Leaders Ally AS A THOUGHT experiment, a what if analysis, ask yourself what would have happened if Sallee or Rumsey had followed Dodges blandishments. Or suppose Dodge had cultivated a loyal ally or second in command whose faith was virtually unshakable. If Sallee, the next in line as the crew raced up the gulch, had been that ally and had entered the circle of fire, others almost certainly would have followed as well. The premise is simple: Everybody is crazy from time to time, but it is rare that two people are at the same moment. This was one of the discoveries of the famous experiment by Solomon Asch; If everybody around you says that line A is longer than line B when the objective fact is obviously the opposite, you will cave in. But if you have just one other doubter, just one naysayer who breaks the mold, you are emboldened to break it too. If Sallee, as the loyal ally, had joined Dodge, others would have been more likely to be lured into the escape circle, and we might well have never heard of a fire in Mann Gulch. By implication: If you have difficult decisions to make and insufficient time to explain them, a key to implementation may be loyal allies who are sure to execute them through thick or thin. Establishing those allies now is the only way to ensure that their support will be at the ready when needed, and it will sometimes be needed when it is far too late to be created. Page 7 of 9 Pa nic and Performance SOME OF DODGES crew members might have rushed by him and his lifesaving fire less from a rational calculus and more out of sheer panic. Sallee and Rumsey thought Dodge must be crazy to be starting a new fire. But others, by the time they neared Dodges fire, were surely being driven by terror, and in such a state rational judgment is an early casualty. Psychologists tell us that panic sets in when the mind succumbs to stress and fails to take in new information about a threatening event, or fails for similar reasons to take advantage of prior experience germane to the threat. Either way, it is hard to imagine that the thirteen men behind Sallee and Rumsey, those whose backs were even closer to the raging flames, were not overwhelmed with fear. As panic short-circuits the mind, our mental processors grind to a halt. Then, unable to reach an informed judgment on what to do next, we reach into our memories for what worked well before. A psychologists label for this is reversion to last learned behavior. If we manufacture mainframe computers but the market is sinking and our creditors and investors are demanding more, lets do again what has been key to our success in the past: making mainframes. Similarly, if we have a wall of flame behind us, running from it, a successful strategy in. he past, would seem to make good sense now. Anybody near a raging bonfire knows to back off; anybody caught in a building fire knows to rush out. Yet in this instance what made perfect sense in the past would prove disastrous in the present. Panic overwhelms smart decision making, but it is also true that modest levels of stress can improve it. This is the curvilinear relationship between stress and performance, as shown in Figure 2. 2. To the left of the panic point, the adrenaline feed concentrates the mind, mobilizes energies, and eliminates distractions. To the right of the panic point, however, we no longer think so clearly, too overwhelmed by stress to reason or calcuIate. 4 This can explain the firefighters flight past Dodge, but how is that Dodge was able to keep such a cool head when others could not? An explanation comes from a study of urban firefighters, those who ride trucks rather than jump aircraft to reach a blaze. Focused on department captains and lieutenants, the study revealed that the performance of experienced officers improves under high uncertainty and stress, while the performance of inexperienced officers declines. This helps us understand why Dodges experienced intellect invented the escape fire while others were focused only on flight, It is also a reminder again that experience is a critical foundation of leadership. A warning is contained therein as well: Modestly stressful periods can enhance productivity-we all know of managers who are forever fostering minor crises to get things done But highly stressful periods worsen the performance of inexperienced people if they are pressed beyond their panic point. By implication: In periods of anxiety and stress, it is your least experienced associates who will reach the panic zone first. Providing newcomers with as much early training and mentoring as possible i s one way of moving their panic point well to the right when the heat is on. Page 8 of 9 Cul ture a nd Cohesion U N D E R F O R E S T S E R V I C E policy, Dodge took command of a just-assembled crew as he climbed o n board the aircraft. While this might appear odd to those who work in an age of dedicated teamwork, the just-in-time assemblage ensured each person maximal rest time between events. It also ensured administrative flexibility, since crew dispatches varied with the scope of each fire and could range from two men to several planeloads. Managerial careers are filled with comparable events. Like Dodge, you have probably found yourself more than once assigned to oversee a group of people with whom you are little familiar and within which acquaintanceship is equally scarce. You have just been promoted, rotated, relocated, or otherwise reassigned, and those who now report to you may predate you by no more than days. You are a church minister who has taken over a congregation with an ever-changing membership, a fastfood manager who has taken over a franchise with an everchurning workforce, or maybe a soccer coach who has taken over a team whose players are as unfamiliar to one another as they are to you. Seen through todays lens, Dodge would have surely preferred it otherwise. Building a self-contained, mutually reliant team is one of the proven ways of delivering optimal performance under duress. But it requires months, even years to develop the culture and cohesion that are the engines of such work-team performance. Given the seasonal nature of his business, the best Dodge might have done, had policy allowed it, was to form a dedicated team in June within which he could have built some unity by August. Building a team with its own culture and cohesion brings another key advantage. For wellformed, highly committed groups, the panic point is shifted far to the right. As stress intensifies, their performance curve continues to rise well after others have plummeted. They can endure extraordinary threats with an equanimity that individuals and poorly developed groups could never bear. French Resistance cells challenging the German occupiers during World War II were a case in point, as were the Allied fighting units that landed on the beaches of German-held Normandy. Or consider one of the most famous military attacks of all, George E. Picketts charge at Gettysburg. After the Union army had stalemated the Confederate forces during two days o f pitched battle in July 1863, Robert E. Lee readied his rebel forces for one final, decisive blow against the Union center. It was to be a daunting task. Twelve thousand troops under Picketts command were to march across an open mile of farmland. They would have artillery support, but they would also be assaulting a well-fortified Union line behind a stone wall on an extended ridge. General James Longstreet, ordered by Lee to execute the attack, was convinced of impending failure. The thousands of combat veterans of Virginia and North Carolina who were assembling to mount the attack could see it might well be their last. Yet in full view of Union cannons and infantry, the Confederate troops marched the terrible mile. Picketts charge ended in bitter defeat, with all but one of his thirty-two regimental and field officers killed or wounded and half his troops down or gone. But the men of the Army of Northern Virginia, loyal to their regimental commanders and comrades, went unflinchingly into the devastating fire. Collectively, they did what neither individuals nor less well-formed teams could ever do. By implication: If your organization is facing a period of uncertainty, change, or stress, now is the time to build a strong culture with good lines of interior communication, mutual understanding, and shared obligation. A clear sense of common purpose and a well-formed camaraderie are essential ingredients to ensure that your team, your organization, or your company will perform to its utmost when it is most needed. Our actions today may make the difference between success or failure tomorrow. The challenge is to anticipate what problems lie ahead and what preparatory steps are required now to meet them later. Enabling all to make informed decisions, informing all to understand your decisions, and organizing all to discipline their decisions are among the enduring legacies of Wagner Dodges fifty-six-minute struggle for survival in Mann Gulch. Page 9 of 9

Biological Lab What Do Animal and Plant Cells Look Like Essay Example

Biological Lab: What Do Animal and Plant Cells Look Like Paper Materials: 1. Beaker 7. Eyedropper 13. Paper towel 2. Compound microscope 8. Forceps 14. Pencil 3. Coverslip 9. Human blood slide 15. Purple Onion 4. Drawing paper 10. Iodine solution 16. Scalpel 5. Elodea slide 11. Lens paper 17. Toothpick 6. Epithelial Cells Slide of Cheek 12. Microscope slide Results: 1. What is the basic structural feature that distinguishes plants and animal cells from bacteria? Unlike bacteria cells, plants and animal cells contain a nucleus. 2. In what way do blood cells resemble unicellular organisms? Blood cells resemble unicellular organisms in their function. 3. Why are blood cells considered a tissue? Blood cells are considered a tissue because they contain red and white blood cells. All tissues are made up of cells. 4. Can mature erythrocytes be classified as cells? Why or why not? Mature erythrocytes cannot be classified as cells because they lack a nucleus a few organelles. 5. What is the general shape of a typical plant cell? A typical plant cell is shaped like a rectangle. 6. In what ways are the cells of onion epidermis and Elodea similar? The cells of onion epidermis and Elodea are similar because they all have a cell membrane and a cytoplasm. Also, their cells are single-layered. 7. In what ways are the cells of onion epidermis and Elodea different? Unlike the cells of onion epidermis, the cells of Elodea contain chloroplasts that are used for photosynthesis. . What OBSERVABLE characteristics can be used as evidence for classifying a specimen as a plant? The observable characteristics that can be used as evidence for classifying a specimen as a plant: rectangular shaped cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts. 9. Inside the mouth, the epithelial cells are joined together in a sheet. Why are they scattered on the microscope slide? Do not over think t his question! Epithelial cells are scattered on the microscope slide because they are exposed to oxygen. 10. How many different cell types can be seen in the human blood slide? We will write a custom essay sample on Biological Lab: What Do Animal and Plant Cells Look Like specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Biological Lab: What Do Animal and Plant Cells Look Like specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Biological Lab: What Do Animal and Plant Cells Look Like specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Three different cell types can be seen in the human blood slide: red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. 11. How are the blood cells similar to the epithelial cells? Blood cells are similar to the epithelial cells because they all contain a nucleus, cytoplasm and a cell membrane. Only red blood cells do not contain a nucleus. 12. How are the blood cells different from the epithelial cells? Blood cells are different from the epithelial cells because they not all blood cells contain a nucleus. For example, red blood cells do not contain a nucleus. 3. In what OBSERVABLE ways are animal and plant cells structurally similar? The observable ways animal and plant cells are structurally similar: plasma membranes and cytoplasm. 14. In what OBSERVABLE ways are animal and plant cells structurally different? Plant cells are structurally different then animal cells because they contain a cell wall, chloroplast, and a central vacuole. 15. Onions are classified as green plants. Where in t he onion plant are the green cells located? Green cells are located at the root of onion plants.

Six Benefits of Written Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) - The Writers For Hire

SIX BENEFITS OF WRITTEN STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOPS) From training and hiring to communication to work policies and procedures, standard operating procedures or SOPs help companies stay organized, operate smoothly, and ensure that employees understand how to accomplish their assigned tasks. But here’s one thing we’ve learned from more than a decade of working with companies of all sizes: Even though nearly all companies have some sort of SOPs in place, they don’t always have them written down. Or if they do have them written down, it’s been years since they’ve reviewed or updated them. In most cases, it comes down to time. When day-to-day operations get hectic, internal projects are often the first to fall to the wayside. And while it’s true that writing, reviewing, and updating your company’s SOPs can be time-consuming, we think it’s worth it in the long run. Need a few reasons to make written SOPs a priority? Here are just a few benefits of having written SOPs? Try these: 1. Reduce employee training time. Training-related SOPs help standardize orientation and training. A written set of guidelines helps ensure that all new hires get the same training, on the same topics and responsibilities, in the same amount of time. Not only will this help ensure that new employees settle in quickly, it will also help save time and money in the long term. 2.Maintain consistency across your brand. You’ve worked hard to establish a very specific personality, look, feel, and tone for your brand. Protect that hard work by establishing a set of written branding standards.Tweet this A few possible items to cover:†¢ Use of your company’s logo, colors, and tagline†¢ Policies for employee social media use†¢ A style guide to ensure uniformity in written communication†¢ Guidelines for email formatting and signatures†¢ Rules for speaking to the media 3. Reduce errors and enhance productivity. Written SOPs can take the guesswork out of day-to-day operations and help ensure that all of your employees understand the processes, policies, and procedures associated with their jobs. And because they provide clear, written examples of what is expected from employees, SOPs are also helpful when developing employee review or development plans. 4. Meet legal requirements. Depending on your industry, you may be required to have written SOPs that protect your employees and/or customers and ensure that you won’t be held legally responsible if something goes wrong. 5. Establish a chain of command. Everyone in your company should have a clear idea of your company’s leadership structure, and this is especially important in situations where work products go through multiple stages of review and approval. 6. Transfer work easily. Most employees take a sick day here and there, but in the case of an extended absence, written SOPs make it easier to transfer work to another employee.By outlining how a task or project should be done, you’re making sure that any employee can complete the work with a little direction. Of course, these six benefits are only the tip of the SOP iceberg but you can probably see where we’re going with this: Written SOPs are an indispensable part of any organization.

10 Tips for Learning a Foreign Language as an Adult

10 Tips for Learning a Foreign Language as an Adult While the U.S. is home to over 350 different languages, according to a report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), most Americans are monolingual. And this limitation can negatively impact individuals, U.S. companies, and even the country as a whole.   For example, the AAAS notes that learning a second language improves cognitive ability, assists in learning other subjects, and delays some of the effects of aging. Other findings include that up to 30% of U.S. companies have stated that they’ve missed business opportunities in foreign countries because they didn’t have in-house staff who spoke the dominant languages of those countries, and 40% stated they could not reach their international potential because of language barriers.  However, one of the most striking and alarming examples of the importance of learning a foreign language happened at the onset of the 2004 avian flu epidemic. According to the AAAS, scientists in the U.S. and other English-speaking countries did not originally understand the magnitude of avian flu because they could not read the original research – which was written by Chinese researchers. In fact, the report notes that just 200,000 U.S. students are studying Chinese compared to 300 to 400 million Chinese students who are studying English. And 66% of Europeans know at least one other language compared to just 20% of Americans. Many European countries have national requirements that students must learn at least one foreign language by the age of 9, according to data from the Pew Research Center. In the U.S., school districts are typically allowed to set their own policies. As a result, the vast majority (89%) of American adults who know a foreign language say they learned it in their childhood home. Learning Styles for Children Children and adults learn foreign languages differently. Rosemary G. Feal, executive director of the Modern Language Association, says, â€Å"Children generally learn languages through games, songs, and repetition, and in an immersive environment, they often produce speech spontaneously.† And there’s a reason for that spontaneity. According to Katja Wilde, head of Didactics at Babbel, â€Å"Unlike adults, children are less aware of making mistakes and the associated embarrassment, and therefore, dont correct themselves.† Learning Styles for Adults However, Feal explains that with adults, studying the formal structures of the language is usually helpful. â€Å"Adults learn to conjugate verbs, and they benefit from grammatical explanations along with strategies such as repetition and memorizing key phrases.† Adults also learn in a more conscious way, according to Wilde: â€Å"They have strong metalinguistic awareness, which children don’t have.† This means that adults reflect on the language they learn. For example ‘Is this the best word to express what I want to say’ or ‘Did I use the correct grammar structure?’† Wilde explains. And adults usually have different motivators. Wilde says that adults typically have specific reasons for learning a foreign language. â€Å"Better quality of life, self-improvement, career advancements, and other intangible benefits are usually the motivating factors.   Some people believe that its too late for adults to learn a new language, but Wilde disagrees. â€Å"Although children tend to be better at subconscious learning, or acquisition, adults tend to be better at learning, because they are able to process more complex thought processes.† Try 10 tips for learning languages: 1) Know why youre doing it. 2) Find a partner. 3) Talk to yourself. 4) Keep it relevant. 5) Have fun with it. 6) Act like a child. 7) Leave your comfort zone. 8) Listen. 9) Watch people talk. 10) Dive in. Feal also recommends other ways for adults to learn a foreign language, such as watching TV shows and film in the target language. â€Å"In addition, reading written materials of all kinds, engaging in interactive conversations on the web, and for those who can travel, an in-country experience, can help adults make meaningful progress.† In addition to these tips, Wilde says that Babbel offers on-line courses that can be completed in bite-sized chunks, anytime and anywhere. Other sources for learning a new language include Learn A Language, Fluent in 3 Months, and DuoLingo. College students can also take advantage of study abroad programs where they can learn new languages and new cultures. There are several benefits to learning a new language. This type of skill can increase cognitive skills and lead to career opportunities - especially since multilingual employees can earn higher salaries. Learning new languages and cultures can also result in a more informed and diverse society.

Stakeholders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stakeholders - Essay Example Also, the main ingredients of successful report are: the opening paragraph should state any terms of reference; some presentations may give a sum ­ any recommendations at the beginning; the body of the presentation should be set out in clear statements and side headings may be shown. The rationale means that stakeholders are motivated and persuaded to accept and approve the project. Obviously, this approach does not take cultural or political considerations into account. The appeal is the communications approach that relates to the motives of the target audience (internal and external stakeholders). A part of presentation, based on a rational approach, will depend on logic and speak to the stakeholders’ intellect. Another part, based on emotional approach, will appeal to the heart of the intended audience. Also, visual aids (graphs, tables, schemes etc.) can help the audience to grasp the idea at once (Adair, Thomas 2003). In order to address needs and expectations of external stakeholders (the American society and global community) emotional approach will be used. (1) Facts and current statistics concerning terrorist attacks and number of deaths per year will help to persuade this group in crucial role of the project X for the global community (tables and graphs can help to present the information). Lots of politicians are sure that the terrorists have an access to the weapon of mass destruction, but they either are afraid to use it or wait for a suitable moment to do it. (2) The USA has a reliable Defense System, but technology (and Information Technology) needs some improvements and changes over time. The project X is aimed to develop state-of-the-art AMDS. Only in this case, it will be possible to protect major cities of the USA from enemy missile attack. Apart from the grief and pity the events of 11 September brought to millions of American people, it has also granted the U.S citizens

The theme of loneliness in Methamorphosis by Kafka and Boo Radley in Essay

The theme of loneliness in Methamorphosis by Kafka and Boo Radley in To Kill A Mockingbird - Essay Example Both Lee and Camus demonstrate major societal conflict through their themes of loneliness as manifested in Boo and Meursault. Boo Radley is a recluse, a shy man who lives not far from the Finches but never ventures outdoors. A lot of mystery surrounds the actual facts of Boo Radley’s detachment from society and he becomes the subject of malicious rumors. One rumor has Boo Radley coming out in the dark of night and peering into neighbor’s windows. The rumors however are mere indications of society’s fear of the unknown and the low tolerance for those who do not meld or blend in with society. They become the objects of scorn and demonization. Meursault, like Boo is very much an outsider although he does physically blend in with society. Outwardly, Meurasult is an ordinary member of the community. He has an apartment, a job and a girlfriend. His detachment is founded on his mental and emotional distance. In one exchange with his girlfriend Marie, the reader understands the limits of Meursault’s ability to connect with another human being. Meursault is indifferent to his mother’s death and this indifference becomes problematic for him later on when he goes on trial for murder. Although the trial has a legitimate issue to try, Meursault is as much on trial for his non conformist attitude as he is for murder. It is Meursault’s departure from accepted norms that sets him apart as a loner and an outsider and this is why he like Boo is ultimately demonized by society. While the reader knows very little about Boo in the beginning chapters of To Kill a Mockingbird outside of rumors and myth, the reader is immediately introduced to Meursault’s indifference. The Outsider opens with the following observation by Meursault, the novel’s narrator: â€Å"Maman died today. Or yesterday maybe, I don’t know. I got a telegram from the home: ‘Mother deceased. Funeral tomorrow. Faithfully yours.’ That doesn’t mean anything. Maybe it

Write a story of your own Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Write a story of your own - Assignment Example The family noticed a very heavy traffic jam on the highway. Another peculiar thing that could be observed was the sudden change in weather with very strong winds. It was then that they turned on the radio and they were updated by their relatives that a hurricane had struck the city. The cars on the road seemed like ants stranded here and there. This was not all but matters became worse when the radio announcement claimed that the hurricane was moving towards the highway. A chaotic situation was created with common sites of cars banging into each other. But Harry and his family were lucky again because a following announcement pronounced that the hurricane had taken the other route and the situation had resolved. This organized day presented with an unpredictable happening. The family experienced a very difficult time and though they reached home in 2 days, but the following two weeks were very difficult with no electricity and basic resources. Despite the advances in human technology, there are still certain areas which are out of human control and the sudden weather changes are one of

Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) Instrumentation

Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) Instrumentation THERMOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS (TMA) Aisyah Radhiah Binti Ahmad INSTRUMENTATION OF TMA 1.1 The Instrumentation Figure 1: The simple schematic diagram of TMA [1]. The sample tube that is located in the center of the furnace is used to control the temperature and atmosphere. The sample temperature is measured with a thermocouple that is located near the sample. The area around the sample can usually be both heated and cooled to prevent the heat-rise problem and the sample temperature (sensed by a thermocouple) has to be directed to programmer control. The sample platform and the probe are made from a material such as quartz. Quartz is chosen as it has a low, reproducible, accurately known coefficient of thermal expansion and also it has low thermal conductivity to isolate the LVDT from the temperature changes in the furnace. The probes can also be made from alumina and metals depending on the temperature range and the measurement purpose [2]. The heavy black probe measures the position of the sample surface with a linearly variable differential transformer, LVDT. The floating suspension act as a balance for the arm arrangement, combined with added weights at the top, allowing the probe weight to be counterbalanced that can be used to control the force on the sample [3]. A purge gas is used during the TMA measurements. Its purpose is to ensure continuous laminar gas flow to prevent the formation of air turbulence as the temperature is being increased and to prevent deposition of degradation products inside the various parts of the instrument. The purge gas is also used to increase heat transfer to the sample and to prevent oxidation in high temperature measurements. Helium is chosen for this purpose because of it has a high thermal conductivity [4]. Figure 2: The TMA Instrument [5]. 1.2 Operating the TMA The instrument is warmed up before putting the sample. The sample is prepared by according to the modes used. For example, the sample should be flat for compression modes to make sure the sample is in a good contact with the probe. The sample is put into the furnace and the probe touched the sample. The probe is integrated into an inductive position sensor. For temperature measurement of the sample, the thermocouple is placed near the sample. The system is heated at a slow rate. If the specimen expands or contracts, the probe will be moved. By applying the force on the sample from the Force Generator by the probe, the sample temperature is changed in the furnace. The sample deformation such as Thermal Expansion and Softening with changing temperature is measured as the probe displacement by the Length Detector. Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) is used for Length Detection sensor. The measurement consists then of a record of force and length versus temperature [6]. 1.3 Calibration of the instrument The calibration of the instrument needs to be done before using the TMA. A standard calibration is needed and should be done at the same heating rate as is used in the sample experiment. The calibration sample that is used should be in the thickness range span of the sample. The TMA instrument must be calibrated in height force, eigen-deformation, temperature, and expansion. The calibration of the instrument need to be done to reduce the different between measures values of the parameters with their true values [4]. 1.4 Modes of operation The measurement can be carried out in various modes of sample configuration. Figure 3: TMA probe types (left-right): compression, penetration, tension, volumetric [7]. Compression probe is used for applying low load for a wide area of sample for thermal expansion measurements (thermodilatometry). For the penetration probe, it is used for the sample that applies a high load under a small area of sample for the purpose of measuring softening temperatures. This technique can measure the transitions of a material as thin as 10 microns. Tension probe used for the measurement of the thermal expansion and the thermal shrinkage of the sample for measuring non-self supporting specimens. It is used for the samples like thin films and fibres under tension [7]. Volumetric probe used for measuring the thermal volumetric expansion of irregularly shaped sample surrounded by an inert packing material (alumina powder or silicone oil). The glass dilatometers are used in this technique where the change in the level of a liquid is observed. By dipping the sample in the silicone oil or alumina powder, the expansion of the sample is recorded as a vertical movement by the TMA. The probe for this technique usually has a small surface area to cover the sample [8]. Figure 4: volumetric probe [8]. References Menard, K. P. (2008). Dynamic mechanical analysis: a practical introduction. CRC press. Menczel, J. D., Prime, R. B. (2009). Thermal analysis of polymers, fundamentals and applications. John Wiley Sons. Brown, M. E., Gallagher, P. K. (1998). Handbook of thermal analysis and calorimetry: Principles and Practice (Vol. 1). Elsevier. Wunderlich, B. (2005). Basics of thermal analysis. Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials. 1.Introduction to Thermomechanical Analysis. Available from: http://www.anasys.co.uk/library/tma1.htm. 2.Brown, M.E. and P.K. Gallagher, Handbook of thermal analysis and calorimetry: Principles and Practice. Vol. 1. 1998: Elsevier. 3.Wunderlich, B., Basics of thermal analysis. Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials, 2005. 4.Menczel, J.D. and R.B. Prime, Thermal analysis of polymers, fundamentals and applications. 2009: John Wiley Sons. 5.TMA analyzer / thermomechanical. Available from: http://www.directindustry.com/prod/linseis-thermal-analysis/tma-analyzers-thermomechanical-30771-406852.html. 6.Description of TMA. Available from: http://www.hitachi-hitec-science.com/en/products/thermal/tec_descriptions/tma.html. 7.Haines, P.J., Principles of thermal analysis and calorimetry. Vol. 30. 2002: Royal society of chemistry. 8.Menard, K.P., Dynamic mechanical analysis: a practical introduction. 2008: CRC press. References Introduction to Thermomechanical Analysis. from http://www.anasys.co.uk/library/tma1.htm Brown, Michael E, Gallagher, Patrick K. (1998). Handbook of thermal analysis and calorimetry: Principles and Practice (Vol. 1): Elsevier. Wunderlich, Bernhard. (2005). Basics of thermal analysis. Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials. Menczel, Joseph D, Prime, R Bruce. (2009). Thermal analysis of polymers, fundamentals and applications: John Wiley Sons. TMA analyzer / thermomechanical. from http://www.directindustry.com/prod/linseis-thermal-analysis/tma-analyzers-thermomechanical-30771-406852.html Description of TMA. from http://www.hitachi-hitec-science.com/en/products/thermal/tec_descriptions/tma.html Haines, Peter J. (2002). Principles of thermal analysis and calorimetry (Vol. 30): Royal society of chemistry. Menard, Kevin P. (2008). Dynamic mechanical analysis: a practical introduction: CRC press.

John Steinbecks East of Eden - A Study in Human Development Essay

East of Eden: A study in human development  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The characteristics of people are formed by multiple factors. In many situations, children are raised under similar conditions, however, their later characteristics and life choices are very different. In the book, East of Eden, author John Steinbeck explores the development of humans, from childhood, to adulthood, and eventually, to death. East of Eden, by John Steinbeck, is a genealogical novel about the lives of the Trasks, particularly the main character in the book, Adam Trask. Along the way, the Hamiltons, Ames, and many other characters are introduced. Steinbeck makes a point of showing the continually changing nature of some characters, while describing the ceaseless staticness of others. In East of Eden, John Steinbeck presents his views on the construction of human behavior and the components that are incorporated in it. Setting is an important element in East of Eden. Described are beautiful, panoramical views of the surrounding landscapes of the Salinas Valley, California. "The Salinas Valley . . . is a swale between two ranges of mountains. . . . . On the wide level acres of the valley, the topsoil lays deep and fertile. . . . . Under the live oaks, shaded and dusky, the maidenhair flourished and gave a good smell, and under the mossy banks of the watercourses whole clumps of five-fingered ferns and goldy-backs hung down" (Steinbeck p. 480). Steinbeck then goes on to describe the human history of these areas. The groups of peoples that lived there are described in sweeping generalizations. "First there were Indians, an inferior breed without energy, inventiveness, or culture . . . their warfare was a weary pantomime. Then the hard, dry Spaniards came explor... ...dies the original Hebrew text and finds that the verb used there is "timshel." Timshel’s literal English translation is "thou mayest." During the course of the book, Steinbeck transforms the word into a metaphor for a style of living. It comes to describe the freedom of choice in one’s life. Steinbeck recognizes the fact that one's environment can affect them. However, he also recognizes one can work with what they are given and make the best of it. Steinbeck best sums up these views in a dialog between Samuel and Adam. "You can’t make a racehorse of a pig," said Adam. "No," said Samuel, "but you can make a very fast pig" (659).    Works Cited Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath, The Moon is Down, Cannery Row, East of Eden, Of Mice and Men. New York: Heinemann/Octopus, 1979. pp.475 - 896. Steinbeck, John. East of Eden. New York: Viking, 1952.

Bucket List

Bucket List The Bucket List was an amazing movie; it was a movie that showed two older men on a journey to find the meaning of life. Mr. Edward Cole a corporate billionaire and a scholarly mechanic Carter Chambers met in the hospital because they both had Cancer. The time that they spent together in the hospital did not only bring them great friendship but also together they found the joy and meaning of life. While sitting in the hospital together slowly dying from cancer they decided that they were not ready to die and they still had a lot of things they wanted to do for themselves before it was too late. So, they made a bucket list, and decided to escape the hospital and do everything that they always wanted to do. Carter Chambers was married to his dear wife, Virginia, for 45 years he had a happy marriage and a wonderful family but, Mr. Chambers felt as if something was missing. He explained that for the last forty five years of his life were mostly dedicated to his family and wife, now he wants to have time for himself and do the things he always wanted to do, but didn’t get a chance to do. Even though his friend Edward Cole was a billionaire; he also felt as if there was something missing out of his life, he had a lot of money and many divorces, and a daughter that he has not spoken with, that didn’t make him feel like he had the true meaning to life. As a person approaches late adulthood, health problems are not just the issue, but problems regarding one’s meaning of life. Both of these men felt unsatisfied or incomplete, with their overall feeling, they were both suffering from a terminal disease, and they both felt if they were going to die they wanted die knowing they got the best out of life, with no regrets, and lived life to the fullest. Both Edward and Carter where demonstrating Erikson’s Last stage of development. His last stage is integrity vs. espair hoping that one will gain strength of wisdom so that person will not be afraid of death. Erikson believes that much of life was preparing for the middle adult stage and the last stage is to recovering from it. When a person is older and is able to reevaluate their life with happiness, and feels fulfilled with a deep sense of life and meaning is when that person is experiencing integrity. If a person is experiencing that they failed at life, and have no meaning to life this is when the person is displaying despair. They fear death because they have not got all out of life

IDEAS Advanced Programmability essays

IDEAS Advanced Programmability essays DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS ENGINEERING I-DEAS ADVANCED PROGRAMMABILITY FEATURE: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Utilizing the advanced programmability features of the I-DEAS software package, it is possible to create a macro to run within the I-DEAS modeling environment that would automatically generate commonly used parts or geometries to supplement and speed up the modeling process. To define a macro within I-DEAS a user may simply capture the commands through a Program File -> Create option, create the program file directly through any text editor or use a combination of the two methods. Currently I-DEAS allows the user to retrieve various primitives from the Parts Catalog to aid and speed up the modeling process, but this does not account for more complex geometries that maybe repeated quite often in various modeling applications. Quite often these geometries, although commonly used for one particular company are in actuality company specific and do not warrant their inclusion in the mainstream I-DEAS Parts Catalog. Since creating the geometry from scratch would prove to be too time consuming and including company specific geometries within the Parts Catalog is not feasible, I-DEAS has created two options for defining parameterized complex geometries: (1) define a macro (which I-DEAS calls program files) to prompt the user for parametric information from the command-line interface and generate the geometry using predefined commands programmed within the macro or (2) create the part geometry manually and use the parameterized parts option to store the par ...

Which sales job is right for you

Which sales job is right for you Maybe well-meaning friends or relatives have said to you, â€Å"You should think about getting a job in sales.† Great- now what? â€Å"Sales† can absolutely be a solid career path, but unless you already know what you want to do, it’s a vague one. There are tons of different kinds of sales jobs: field sales, retail sales, sales support, account management, and even sales engineering, just to name a few. So how do you know which path you should take?What should you look for in a sales job?Sales is a tricky field, in that the industry you work in will help determine the path. A salesperson in the tech industry has a much different career than someone working in, say, publishing sales or pharmaceutical sales. So the first thing you should consider is this: what industry interests you? Retail? Healthcare? Food? Manufacturing? Real estate? Considering the industry is a good starting point, as it can help focus your job search. The good news is that virtually every ind ustry out there has a sales component, and therefore job opportunities.Second, take a look at your personal skills and strengths. Are you good at explaining complex concepts for a lay listener? If so, you might be well-suited to a sales job in a science or tech field. Are you good at schmoozing people and maintaining relationships? You could be an outside salesperson or business development rep. Are you super organized, with an eye toward logistics? You might want to consider being an account manager and working directly with clients.Next, think about the financial logistics. Sales jobs can have a range of compensation types, including the following:Salary: Your standard yearly wage, with no commission (compensation based on what you sell). This is also known as a â€Å"zero-commission† sales job. Many salespeople who work in retail or storefronts work on this model.Commission + salary: You make a base salary, with additional commission and bonuses built in based on your sale s. Many business development professionals (like those in software or tech services sales) work on this model.Commission-only: You are what you sell. In this model, your compensation is based entirely on a percentage of your performance. Many independent sales reps (who typically sell a product or service directly to customers) work on this model.If you don’t feel comfortable with the idea of basing your finances on a future state of success, then commission-heavy jobs may not be the right choice for your long-term goals and career happiness. But if you feel secure in your ability to perform at (or exceed) a contracted level, then it can be a profitable choice, depending on your hustle and your success.And finally, you should think about the long-term success possible in the sales field. Many traditional sales jobs (think in-person or phone sales positions) are becoming somewhat obsolete, giving way to business development roles and sales jobs that rely on high-tech lead deve lopment and networking. For example, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that travel agents, who traditionally developed sales by offering in-person services, are on the decline because their role has largely been replaced by self-service travel options. On the flip side, insurance sales and medical device/pharmaceutical sales are booming, because those industries are incredibly hot right now. So as you consider the industry and sales roles that might work for you, it’s also helpful to think (and research) about what is currently going on in Industry X sales, and where it looks like things are heading over the next few years.What types of sales jobs are out there?Now that you’re thinking about the sales career basics, let’s look at some different types of sales jobs across the field.Retail Sales RepresentativeRetail sales representatives typically work in a store and are responsible for completing sales with customers who come in. Because retail is so v aried, this can include general retail stores (think WalMart or mall stores), and also industry-specific stores like car dealerships or jewelry stores. Most retail representatives work under a base salary, but large or expensive goods like cars may be sold on a commission basis.This job is a good fit for you: If you want a 9-to-5-type sales job with a significant base salary. It’s also a good entry-level position to start building sales skills and experience.Inside Sales RepresentativeAn inside sales representative works for a company selling a specific product, service, or suite of products/services. They often have sales quotas to work with and follow a lead from the earliest stages (like research) through to completing the sale. Inside sales representatives may meet with potential customers face-to-face or on the phone, or maintain communication via email. Much of the job is spent cultivating and reaching out to potential customers, building a relationship that ideally end s in a sale, as well as follow-up like coordinating order fulfillment or setting up installation of a service.This job is a good fit for you: If you’re interested in cultivating customers and seeing the relationship through the courtship, the sale, and the follow-up.Outside Sales RepresentativeThis may be what many of us think of when we think of â€Å"sales†: a person who makes the rounds of current or potential customers, plugging a particular product or service. An outside sales rep is also known as a field sales rep, which tells you that the job may include traveling to meet customers, perform demos, or make presentations. It can be a very hands-on sales job, as you might be helping customers install a product, use a service, or troubleshoot issues.This job is a good fit for you: If you are a self-starter and a major people person, and perform best when dealing one-on-one with customers. It also helps if you already have some baseline sales experience, because fiel d reps are often sales veterans.Business Development AssociateBusiness development representatives (also called sales development representatives) are specialists at reaching out to potential new clients or customers. That can include researching potential sales targets, following up with leads (like people who came to the company looking for information, or joined a mailing list), and scouting networks for potential customers. Once a sales lead is identified and determined to be legitimate, business development reps typically hand it off to a direct sales representative. There isn’t usually a specific quota associated with business development, but some companies may base commissions on the number of leads passed along.This job is a good fit for you: If you like the thrill of the chase and are fine with handing off the sale-closing duties to someone else. It can also be a strong opportunity to build sales skills and experience.Account ManagerAccount managers are kind of the post-sales professionals. Once a client or customer is brought on board, an account manager is responsible for maintaining that business and ensuring that the customer’s needs are met. They may work with a variety of clients or focus on a single one depending on the industry and company, but almost always focus on the personal relationship between the client and their company. It‘s a role that is heavy on customer service, project management, and day-to-day operations. In addition to maintaining customer relationships, account managers may also be responsible for expanding the account, or up-selling particular goods and services. This is typically a salary position, but may have bonuses or incentives built in based on customer retention and expansion.This job is a good fit for you: If you’re more interested in operations than sales figures and in building strong and lasting client relationships instead of focusing on the sale. This can be a good sales role for pe ople who are highly organized and skilled at project management.Sales EngineerThe tech industry continues to grow, which means they need qualified sales people who can not only understand complex products or services, but also how to help match those products or services to the right customers. These sales engineers sell complex tech goods or services to customers as solutions, often selling particular software or systems to business customers rather than individual users. Sales engineers need to be able to see both the technical side of things (how the product works) and the business side of things (why the customer needs this product). A sales engineer may work with other salespeople to create presentations or answer questions for the customer, and help create the technical parts of sales contracts. They may also continue to be a point of contact as the customer is getting up and running with the product or service.This job is a good fit for you: If you have an engineering degree or a technical background, but aren’t necessarily interested in developing new products or services.So whether you’re thinking about developing client relationships or closing the deal, there is a variety of sales jobs that work with your goals, your skills, and your comfort level to help you build a long and fulfilling sales career.

The Templars were certainly adept at making money even though they Essay

The Templars were certainly adept at making money even though they existed as part of the church - Essay Example Over the time, Templars amassed huge money and property, first as donations and then through their commercial dealings and political machinations. The Templars owned lands in France, Portugal, Scotland, England, Spain, Italy, Austria, Germany, Aragon and Hungary (Baignet & Leigh 1991, 43). To a great extent the position of the Church as a primary spiritual guide to the kingdoms of Europe, eventually passed on to the Templars, in practice if not in theory. The Templars who came into existence to serve the Holy See and to establish the writ of the Church in the Holy Land, in the later days emerged as a parallel power centre to the Catholic Church, which though professed allegiance to the Church, in practice did not hesitate to assiduously indulge in unscrupulous dealings and arrangements. Thus the Templars undermined the political hold and power of the Church over the Christian kingdoms of Europe. Since the times of Christ and the apostles, the true strength of the Church had been its message of love and austerity. However, Templars initiated various steps that diluted the very essence of the message of Christ. In 1153-4, the Templars in England attempted a translation of the Old Testament into the vernacular (Baignet & Leigh 1991, 44). This translation sounded like a chivalric romance, very unlike the simplicity and piousness of the original work. One could certainly conclude that Templars must have attempted many other such unknown translations, which were explicitly worldly and compromised the crux of Christian dogmas. Also, though knowing that usury was abhorrence to the Church, Templars arrogantly indulged in financial operations and transactions, hiding their rapaciousness under the garb of â€Å"semantics, euphemism and circumlocution (Baignet & Leigh 1991, 48)†. So, the biggest damage that Templars inflicted on the Catholic Church was by being the living examples of the distortion and pollution of both the Word and the Way. The lifestyle, business and politics of Templars must have definitely disheartened and discouraged the lay believers, who were earlier attracted to the sobriety and humility of the Church. No doubt, the very existence of Templars was a visible mockery of the Christian values. Both, owing to the military and temporal power of the Templars and their massive financial clout, the feudal lords and the kings and queens of Europe became more than vulnerable to their influence. The sovereigns not only relied on Templars for safety and military assistance, but also hired Templars to collect taxes. Templars in turn, exhibited such a savagery and ruthlessness in their operations that they conveniently surpassed the excesses of their political customers. One other reason, the sovereigns became a toy in the hand of Templars was because of their need to procure loans. Hence, Templars’ alliance with the Mammon, proved more effective and utilitarian than the piety and poverty of the Church. Not to mention, the Crus ades which were initiated with much religious zeal and fervor, in a way weakened the Church in the sense that from being Holy Wars, they eventually degenerated into cheap Witch hunts. The

Annotated Bibliography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Annotated Bibliography - Research Paper Example Source 2: Arsanjani, A., Zhang, L., Ellis, M., Allam, A., & Channabasavaiah, K. (2007). S3: A service-oriented reference architecture. IT Professional, 9(3), 10-17. Annotation In this article, the authors talk about the advantages associated with the use of service oriented technology in businesses, such as, increase in revenue, decrease in costs, and rapid application delivery. The article is related to the research in a sense that it includes discussion about the increased dependence of businesses on service oriented architectures. The article relates to the research topic as it talks about the use of service oriented architecture in making IT related business goals and functions aligned and well managed. The authors of this article have raised some key issues regarding service oriented architecture and its transformational capabilities. Source 3: Bashir, R., Azam, F., Iqbal, M., Khanum, A., & Malik, H. (2012). A Comparative Model for Tradeoff Analysis of QoS Attributes in SOA. Jou rnal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(11), 11097-11105. Annotation In this article, the authors talk about development of efficient service oriented architecture considering the challenge of maintaining the quality of service attributes which occurs due to compositional, as well as dynamic environment of the service-oriented architecture. The article relates to the research as it talks about a comparative model of trade-off analysis for quality of service attributes in service oriented architecture. The authors of this article propose a comparative model which should be able to study the trade off among the SOA’s quality of service attributes. The main focus of the paper is achieving an improved system through trade off among quality of service attributes. Source 4: Candido, G., Barata, J., Colombo, A., & Jammes, F. (2009). SOA in reconfigurable supply chains: A research roadmap. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 22(6), 939-949. Annotation In thi s article, the authors state that industries are becoming more and more interested in adopting automation standards as a unifying approach with a number of advantages over traditional automation. The article relates to the research in a sense that it talks about the advantages of service oriented architecture over traditional automation. The authors of the research have not only enumerated the challenges related to the application of service oriented architecture into reconfigurable supply chains but also they have provided a roadmap into a major adoption of service oriented technology to maintain the reconfigurable supply chains. Source 5: Cucinotta, T., Mancina, A., Anastasi, G., Lipari, G., Mangeruca, L., Checcozzo, R., & Rusina, F. (2009). A real-time service-oriented architecture for industrial automation. Industrial Informatics, 5(3), 267-277. Annotation In this article, the authors state that the introduction of new technologies, such as, IP based communication protocols, Zig Bee, and standard networking technologies raise significant issues that need to be properly solved. One of those issues is to support quality-of-service and real-time for real-time applications. The source is relevant to the research area in that it deals

Post-Implementation Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Post-Implementation Issues - Essay Example CAVIES would streamline and integrate the veterinary practice details of all the ten branches so clients’ needs could be addressed by any of the branch, in the case of emergencies. VOLES on the other hand, would facilitate check on the inventory of the veterinary products in the various branches and would ensure maintenance of adequate supply by ordering products which are in short supply. It would also keep track of the controlled drugs with details like their usage by the people and for the people etc. Implementation plan would not comprise of details and integration of modules like financial statement or any other management information, though efforts to link the CAVIES and VOLES to MICE system would be facilitated. Phase III parallel running of two system where client’s appointment for their pets and record maintenance of CAVIES and Sale order module of VOLE system would be taken up. Tentative timeframe would be 2 months. Direct changeover to new system is not advisable mainly because of following reasons: new system needs to be tested for inconsistencies and reconciliation of converted data; the end users i.e the staff and veterinary surgeons and nurses need time to become proficient in the use of new system 2.3. Data migration This step would primarily involve steps as: identification of data from the existing paper records and existing information system; codification of data which would be carried out by the people of HCL in the presence of CVGL staff; and data entry and conversion of data from the existing information system in the main server at the headquarters. Entry of data can either be carried out by the ISS staff or given to outside agency on contract. 2.4. Training Initially 1 week training of trainers, taken from existing staff of ISS and other departments, would be carried out in the following areas